Essay on Authority and Obedience - 2310 Words

Authority and Obedience Thesis: We consciously or unconsciously obey authority in all walks of life on a daily basis. Obedience is when there is legitimate power, there is pressure to comply. Compliance with that which is required by authority; subjection to rightful restraint or control. Authority being the legal or rightful power; a right to command or enforce obedience on another. This essay shall discuss, explore and evaluate the explanations as to why people obey authority. After the Nazis justified genocide by saying that they were simply following orders, a psychologist named Stanley Milgram (1963) decided to carry out a study to try to answer the question of how far individuals†¦show more content†¦He introduced a further participant, who was in fact an accomplice actor. The participants drew lots to determine who would be the learner and who would be the teacher. Brantt drew the teacher role, and the actor, the learner role. Brantt was unaware that the roles had been fixed. The lesson was to learn a verbal task and the teacher administered a shock each time the learner got the answer wrong. The shock was increased by one increment every time a wrong answer was given. The learner was strapped to a chair which was connected to a very imposing looking shock generator which ranged between 15 volts and 450 volts. On the generator the words labeled the shock gage from slight shock to DANGER: SEVERE SHOCK. In fact, although it appeared to, the generator did not emit any electrical shock at all. The actor was instructed to cry out at 150 volts and intensify the level of verbal reaction as the volts increased. At 300 volts he was instructed to pound on the wall, later ceasing to reply or make any further noise. No response to a question was seen to be a wrong answer, therefore the teacher would be told to carry on shocking. The study was to be watched by the experimenter (the figure of authority who would order the teacher to continue to the end). Brantt responded as Milgram had predicted. She was calm and cool.Show MoreRelatedObedience to Authority1250 Words   |  5 PagesObedience to Authority No human social organization can function without some degree of obedience to authority, as the alternative would be anarchy leading to total chaos. Hence we find some sort of a hierarchy in both the most underdeveloped and the most civilized societies where certain individuals exercise authority over others. Almost everyone will agree that some degree of authority in certain individuals or groups (and their obedience by other groups) is desirable for the proper functioningRead MoreObedience to Authority1260 Words   |  6 PagesObedience to Authority No human social organization can function without some degree of obedience to authority, as the alternative would be anarchy leading to total chaos. Hence we find some sort of a hierarchy in both the most underdeveloped and the most civilized societies where certain individuals exercise authority over others. Almost everyone will agree that some degree of authority in certain individuals or groups (and their obedience by other groups) is desirable for the properRead MoreObedience to Authority Essays836 Words   |  4 Pageshuman being’s life; along with this, is the expectation of obedience to that authority. Through this obedience, many great things have been accomplished, as well as many instances of cruel and immoral acts. Defiance of the established authority, though, has also lead to great things, such as the creation and founding of the United States of America. In his writing, Obedience to Authority, Stanley Milgram examines the obedience to authority without question ing or taking responsibility and the problemsRead MoreObedience to Authority Essay1816 Words   |  8 PagesAuthority cannot exist without obedience. Society is built on this small, but important concept. Without authority and its required obedience, there would only be anarchy and chaos. But how much is too much, or too little? There is a fine line between following blindly and irrational refusal to obey those in a meaningful position of authority. Obedience to authority is a real and powerful force that should be understood and respected in order to handle each situation in the best possible manner.Read MoreThe Problems Of Obedience And Authority1849 Words   |  8 PagesOctober 15, 2014 The Problems of Obedience to Authority People will do about anything to stay out of trouble when it comes to someone with authority that cannot be argued with. Stanley Milgram did an experiment on the topic of obedience to authority; he wanted to know how ordinary people could do horrible things if forced to by someone of authority. Obedience to authority is instinctual for human beings, there has and will always be someone with a higher authority than ourselves. How can normal,Read MoreEssay on Obedience to Authority574 Words   |  3 PagesObedience to Authority Today our society raises us to believe that obedience is good and disobedience is bad. We are taught that we should all do what we’re told and that the people that are disobedient are almost always bad people. Society tells us this, but it is not true. Most people will even be obedient to the point of causing harm to others, because to be disobedient requires the courage to be alone against authority. In Stanley Milgram’s Perils of Obedience experiment, his studiesRead MoreThe Blind Obedience And Authority1237 Words   |  5 PagesBlind Obedience to Authority Millions of people were killed in Nazi Germany in concentration camps however, Hitler wouldn’t have been able to kill them all, nor could just a handful of people. Obedience is when society influences where/ when an individual acts in response to a direct order from another individual, who is usually the authority figure. It is assumed that without such an order the person would not have acted in this way. In order to obey authority, the obeying person has to acceptRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Obedience And Authority Essay1358 Words   |  6 Pagesof â€Å"Obedience to Authority,† Milgram aptly points out that â€Å"some system of authority is a requirement of all communal living†(Milgram 1). This is a universal human truth. Authority is something that humanity, from the beginning of time, has consistently relied upon. Milgram argues that â€Å"obedience is the psychological mechanism that links individual action to political purpose† and that it is the â€Å"dispositional cement that binds men to systems of authority† (Milgram 1). I argue that obedience is asRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Obedience And Authority Essay1149 Words   |  5 Pages Part I: Research paper topic and outline Obedience to Authority Abbygale Javier [IT 150G, 14111; On-line; Elizabeth Rasnick; September 29, 2016] I. Introduction A. Motivation of this research There are little facts about the role of obedience up until now. Psychologists have been debating on factors that constitute obedience within an individual. For example, certain theories suggest that people do horrible actions only if they are ordered to do so. Research has shown that most people obey allRead MorePhysiological Evaluation : Obedience And Authority Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesPhysiological Evaluation: Obedience to Authority In 1963, physiologist Stanley Milgram brought to light the idea of Obedience to Authority. He was stimulated by the trial and execution of Adolf Eichmann, a Nazi war criminal who was put to death for the crimes he committed under Hitler’s authority (McLeod , Obedience to Authority, 2007). The objective of his research was centered on the question: â€Å"Could it be that Eichmann and his million accomplices in the Holocaust were just following orders? Could

The Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Employee Turnover Rate Free Essays

string(46) " and job satisfaction on turnover intentions\." The Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Employee Turnover Rate Introduction Adelphoi Village is a private, non- profit company that provide community based services to children and adolescents in the Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland and West Virginia area. Adelphoi Village provides programs and services that strive to guide each youth on a path that will provide meaning, purpose and value in his/her life. Founded in 1971, Adelphoi Village has expanded to serve over 800 youth in 60 different counties. We will write a custom essay sample on The Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Employee Turnover Rate or any similar topic only for you Order Now Adelphoi Village conduct several different services which includes, group homes, foster/adoptive services, charter school, multisystemic therapy, education services, diagnostic, in-home services, specialized independent living, secure care, mental health programs and other services that overlap to form a complete continuum of care for children, youth, and families. One of the departments under Adelphoi Village’s umbrella is its Multisystemic Therapy (MST) program. The MST program provides intensive in- home family therapy to youth who are involved with Department of Juvenile Justice or Child Protective Services. The MST therapist strive to empower the parents with the skills and resources needed to become independent in addressing the difficulties that arise in raising adolescents, and to assist the youth in developing life-long coping skills. In the MST program families receive in home therapy 2 to 3 times a week for two hours each session. The therapist carries a caseload of 4 to 6 families and is on call for the families 24/7. I have been working for Adelphoi Village’s MST York program as a MST therapist since July 2012. The Adelphoi Village MST York team consists of one supervisor and four therapists. The MST York team covers the entire York County, PA area. In order for the company to be at the maximum number for productivity the MST program needs to be fully staffed. Adelphoi Villages MST York program therapist does not only perform the demanding duties of MST, but also performs several other demanding duties making the job very intensive and unbearable. Due to the intensiveness of the job this program has had and continues to have a very high turnover rate which could be due to the employees being over worked and underpaid. Employees are dissatisfied with their job which causes them to leave and search for other employment. Before I started with this company the MST York team was down one therapist for about a year. Before then the team was down two therapists for about two and a half years. Currently we are looking to hire two new therapists to start working with the team. There have been 10 interviews set up; however, only 3 people have decided to interview with the company. Others have stated that they changed their mind about working for the company because the job is too demanding and lacks the pay that they are looking to obtain. Problem Statement Adelphoi Village’s MST program experiences a high turnover rate each year. For the MST York team it is very hard to keep the team at full capacity due to the dissatisfaction of their employees. Employees’ needs are not being met and they are being overworked with lack of appreciation, low pay, and low incentives. This paper will examine the relationship between job satisfaction and employee turnover. This paper will identify the causes of employee turnover and how it relates to job satisfaction. This paper will also identify examples on how the company could increase job satisfaction for their employees, thus decreasing employee turnover. Literature Review Wang, Wang, and Yang (2012) conducted a research study comparing public and private employees’ job satisfaction and turnover in Taiwan. The population consisted of 500 employees in the public sector and 500 employees in the private sector. Questionnaires were used to collect data from employees of various private enterprises and public organizations. The results showed that the job satisfaction and turnover intentions of public employees are different from those of private employees (Wang, Wang, and Yang 2012). Researchers found that public employees in Taiwan have lower extrinsic job satisfaction and lower turnover intentions compared to their counterparts in the private sector. Wang, Wang, and Yang (2012) reported that job satisfaction is found to be negatively associated with turnover intentions. When employees are dissatisfied, they think more of quitting their jobs. Dissatisfaction may stimulate from lack of pay, lack of job security, lack of incentives, and lack of appreciation. If those who are dissatisfied continue to stay on in their jobs, their low work motivation will decrease the overall performance of the organization (Wang, Wang, and Yang 2012). Lanham, Rye, Rimsky, and Weill (2012) conducted a study on how gratitude relates to burnout and job satisfaction in mental health professionals. Sixty-five mental health professionals including; counselors, case managers, clinical administrators/supervisors, employment/housing specialists, social workers, and psychologists completed questionnaires assessing demographics, job context variables, hope, gratitude, burnout, and job satisfaction. Lanham, Rye, Rimsky and Weill (2012) stated that mental health professionals are at high risk of burnout and turnover. Burnout which results from persistent work stress, involves emotional exhaustion (mental strain attributed to job Stressors), depersonalization (mentally distancing oneself and adopting a more impersonal view of other people), and decreased sense of personal accomplishment. Burnout can adversely affect both personal health and organizational functioning (Lanham, Rye, Rimsky and Weill 2012). Another positive psychology construct that may affect burnout is gratitude, which involves being aware of and appreciating good things that happen and taking the time to express thanks (Lanham, Rye, Rimsky and Weill 2012). There are several reasons why gratitude might relate to less burnout and higher job satisfaction among mental health professionals. Gratitude motivates pro-social behavior and corporate social responsibility. Lanham, Rye, Rimsky and Weill (2012) stated that since so many factors contribute to burnout and workplace satisfaction, agency administrators need to examine the extent to which agency policies contribute to employee burnout and job dissatisfaction. Huning and Thomson (2011) conducted a study on an empirical examination of the impact of performance attributions and job satisfaction on turnover intentions. You read "The Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Employee Turnover Rate" in category "Papers" Participants consisted of 363 graduate and undergraduate students. Participants completed a survey related to attributes, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions. Results show that job satisfaction mediates between causality attributions, stability attributions, and turnover intentions. Job satisfaction has been defined as a pleasurable emotional state the results from the appraisal of one’s job (Locke 1976). Job satisfaction describes an affective reaction to one’s job as well as attitudes toward the job. This in turn suggests that job satisfaction is formed from affect, cognition, and ultimately will result in satisfaction contingent job-related behaviors (Huning and Thomson 2011). Huning and Thomas (2011) found that job satisfaction is the central variable in among the central theoretical and empirical contributions in employee turnover. Lambert, Hogan and Barton (2001) conducted a study on the impact of job satisfaction on turnover intent: a test of a structural measurement model using a national sample of workers. Based upon the literature, a structural measurement model incorporating four core antecedents of turnover (i. e. , demographic characteristics, work environment, job satisfaction, and turnover intent) was developed and tested using a national sample of American workers. The results indicate that the work environment is more important in shaping worker job satisfaction than are demographic characteristics, and that job satisfaction is a highly salient antecedent of turnover intent. Finally, job satisfaction is a key mediating variable between the work environment and turnover intent (Lambert, Hogan and Barton 2001). Camp (1993) conducted a study on Assessing the Effects of Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction on Turnover: An Event History Approach. Camp examined two types of subjective measurement of the work environment, job satisfaction and organizational commitment, which are often thought to be related to turnover. Camp (1993) found that organizational comm itment, as measured by both commitment to the overall organization and the more specific institution, is inversely related to turnover among correctional workers at the Federal Bureau of Prisons. Analysis Job satisfaction and turnover have a strong correlational relationship. Turnover is the ratio of employees leaving jobs with a company as a percentage of total employees in the organization. Job satisfaction is commonly linked to turnover ratios. Employees who are generally satisfied at work tend to stay, while dissatisfied employees often look for other work. Many factors affect the level of satisfaction among employees. Pay is noted as a key factor to job satisfaction (Kokemuller 2010). Other factors that affect job satisfaction include; job security, appreciation, work conditions, co- workers and supervisor support, and gratitude. It is noted that as job satisfaction increases, absenteeism tends to go down, and as job satisfaction decreases, absenteeism often goes up (Schermerhorn 5). Taking care of job satisfaction today can be considered an investment in tomorrow’s performance potential (Schermerhorn 12). Solutions There are many ways that employees as well as the administrative staff can increase job satisfaction to avoid turnover. One of the most tangible things that employees can do to increase job satisfaction is to get organized. Managing your workload efficiently can help increase job satisfaction. When you become organized it can create a since of relief in your everyday work load. Another way employees can increase personal job satisfaction is to develop an optimistic point of view and change negative self talk patterns. This will assist employees with viewing things in a more positive light. Employees can also reward and recognize self for doing a wonderful job. Many jobs fail to recognize employees for doing a great job; employees can treat themselves to a movie or to a spa, to recognize the fact that they are making a wonderful impact on their company. Administrative staff can also begin to incorporate rewards and recognition into daily practices. When employees feel recognized and appreciated by the administrative staff if creates a since of belonging and willingness for employees to do their best in carrying out their jobs. Companies could also offer employees flexible work schedules and better pay. Easing an employer’s work schedule can reduce job loss and keep training costs down. Offering employees better pay could also reduce job loss. Companies could also begin to encourage open communication between management and staff. For example, management could install a comment box in the lobby of the office for employees to drop in written feedback so that an understanding of why employees feel dissatisfied could be communicated between management and staff. Reflection In completing this paper I have learned how job dissatisfaction relates to turnover rate and burnout in employees. I have learned and understood the factors that lead to job dissatisfaction and how to create personal job satisfaction. I recently decided to leave Adelphoi Village and obtain employment with another company. Although I am doing similar work, I have decided to work with a different company that offered my better pay and more stability. I understand that in my line of work as a therapist that there is a high job burnout and turnover rate in this field. I have to use what I have learned in completing this paper and in class to create personal job satisfaction. Positive self talk, self recognition, and self reward are some of the ways I can continue to create personal job satisfaction which in turn will lower my burnout and turnover rate. Reference: Camp, S. (1993) Assessing the Effects of Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction on Turnover: An Event History Approach. The Prison Journal, 74(3), 279-305. Huning, T. , Thomson, N. (2011) An Empirical Examination of the Impact of Performance Attributions and Job Satisfaction on Turnover Intentions. Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications and Conflict, 15(1) Kokemuller, N. (2010) Job Satisfaction and Turnover. Retrieved on October 14, 2012 from http://www. ehow. com/info_7746396_job-satisfaction-turnover. html Lambert, E. , Hogan, N. , Barton, S. (2001) The Impact of Job Satisfaction on Turnover Intent: A Test of a Structural Measurement Model Using a National Sample of Workers. The Social Science Journal. Lanham, M. , Rye, M. , Rimsky, L. , Weill, S. (2012) How Gratitude Relates to Burnout and Job Satisfaction in Mental Health Professionals. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 34(4), 341-354 Locke, 1976 cited in Brief, A. P. , ;amp; Weiss, H. M. (2001). Organizational behavior: affect in the workplace. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 279-307, p. 282 Schermerhorn, John R.. Organizational Behavior, 12th Edition. John Wiley ;amp; Sons, 11/2011. ;lt;vbk:9781118426319#outline(1. 5. 3. 2);gt;. Wang, Y. , Wang, K. , Yang, C. (2012). Comparing Public and Private Employees’ Job Satisfaction and Turnover. Journal of Public Personnel Management, 41(3), 557-573. How to cite The Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Employee Turnover Rate, Papers

Housing Aid Essay Research Paper Interests are free essay sample

Housing Aid Essay, Research Paper Interests are lifting in Orange County on the issue of province and federal lodging bureaus. There is a large demand for Section 8 lodging. There has been treatment of possible programs for lodging assistance to travel to those who qualify. Section 8 is a plan that provides rental insurance. It # 8217 ; s chief aim is to assist low-income households. The federal Department of Housing and Development has been coercing Congress to O.K. President Clinton # 8217 ; s proposed 28 million dollar HUD budget for the following twelvemonth. If this HUD budget was approved, 100,000 new, Section 8 rental verifiers and 84,000 low-cost lodging undertakings would assist help low-income households. The Orange County Housing Authority has been speaking of many programs to assist take some of the load off Section 8. Each of the county # 8217 ; s four lodging governments set the criterions of who gets a verifier foremost when there is an gap. When a individual is on the waiting list for a verifier he/she has to wait for a individual that is in the Section 8 plan to decease, go forth the plan, or any other ground. We will write a custom essay sample on Housing Aid Essay Research Paper Interests are or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When person leaves the plan, the topographic point if filled by a individual on the waiting list. Section 8 verifiers can be used anyplace in the United States. Any renters that belong to the Section 8 plan have landlords that are required to maintain the rent below the cap. Landlords comply with Section 8 because it provides a comparatively stable renter. One of the programs being considered is that the OCHA plans to buttonhole HUD functionaries to increase rent caps in the most expensive metropoliss. New regulations would be implemented that would regulate rent subsidies to assist renters who suffer from rent rises. Over the following twelvemonth, these new regulations will take consequence that will let renters to pay every bit much as 50 per centum of their income on rent. OCHA functionaries have been stating that they will seek to put to death these regulations so those renters are able to remain in an flat where the landlord raises the rent above HUD # 8217 ; s cap. Another program that the OCHA proposes to make is a better occupation of selling of the Section 8 plan to local landlords. I agree with the programs that OCHA is suggesting to Congress. Housing is really expensive in Orange County and it is hard for low-income households to last. The Section 8 system is evidently acquiring overwhelmed with people that need aid. There needs to be something done and I believe that the 28 million dollar proposal is a great start to alleviate some of the force per unit area off of Section 8.

Islam, Democracy and the West Summary

Introduction Benazir Bhutto’s final chapter in her anthology talks of Reconciliation as the key to solve both the internal and external differences of the Islam. In her opinion, there are a number of things that hamper development and democracy. This summary breaks down the entire chapter into the main points she discuss in a series of concise paragraphs.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Islam, Democracy and the West Summary specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Islam, Democracy and the West The world is experiencing a split between the Muslims and the western world. The interpretation of the Sharia is hardly the problem.  Neither is the language used in the Holy Quran, nor the succession of the Holy Prophet by the divided Shiite and Sunni communities. In fact, these differences can be attributed to the Muslim-on-Muslim violence and the rigidity of the Islamic nations’ cultures, as well as their beliefs . These beliefs and cultures prevent Muslims from adopting modernism. She asserts that unless reforms happen, Muslims might not survive long enough to prosper in the current evolving times. Observational reviews on suggested reform The Muslim intelligentsia has constantly addressed the issue of reforms through speeches and poems in forums. Other facets regarding necessary reforms include mass education, economic progression, and democracy. Unfortunately, such changes require that democracies come up to protect reformists so that they do not get swayed by their dictatorial regimes. Dictatorial regimes in Islamic nations choke off the nations from the freedom of innovation. Mohammed Iqbal, a Muslim reformist and author, related the problems of non-reformism in Islamic nations to the traditional teachings/schools of Islam-ism. Iqbal asserts that old Islamic teachings should be overcome by modern twentieth century reforms. By so doing, he urged for the revision of the principles of fait h. Iqbal called for textual reconstruction of the Prophet’s ultimate principles so that Islamic nations can achieve spiritual democracy. Professor Fazul Rehman affirms Iqbal’s postulation that the modern negativity exhibited by Muslims in the medieval centuries contrasts the Quran’s teachings. He asserts that one might simply be appalled upon juxtaposing the two. It is important to note that Nurcholish Majdid also pushed for review, reinvention, and reinvigoration of Muslim theology based on the evaluation of both social and historical factors used in the original precepts. His reason is that they ought to get rid of erroneous doctrines.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another reformist is Abdul Karim Soroush asserts that text alone has no weight if it does not continuously evolve and reflect understanding and new construction on the text. It is important to note ho w similar and bland the Quran’s teachings are in comparison to the Islamic extremities experienced in recent years. According to Maulana Wahiduddin Khan, Muhammad forbids Muslims from making any visual depictions of Him in a bid to discourage idolatry. He also urges that Islamic beliefs should not be imposed on people of other faiths, thus even in Islamic nations,  Muslims cannot impose their legal precepts or culture on others. Other reformist thinkers who share these views include Muhammad Khalid Masud, K. H. Abdurrahman Wahid, and Dr. Muhammed Arkkoun. Changing the Islamic beliefs and Culture One of the propositions fronted by Islamic reformists is the inclusion of modern teachings and reforms on traditional theology. These modern teachings are to be taught to young ones in society and in schools. It is feared that the Islamic extremism has risen of late and that the threat of terrorism has resulted in the intimidation of reformists such that their messages are lost in t he din of violent messages. Democracies help by providing protection to reformists whose intentions are modernizing the theology of Islamic teachings. Bhutto believes that if extremism and militancy are defeated, then the internal battles and the divide abound Islamic states can be eradicated. Additionally, she states that Islamic nations should adopt democracy if they wish to succeed. In so doing, the various social classes are equally catered for, and they acquire opportunities for prosperity. She supports this by giving an example of the Indian democracies that are at the vanguard of Indian technologies used globally. Democracy and development are linearly related. Similarly, introducing modern education systems enhances reforms on Islamic theology and gives hope and a real opportunity as a prerequisite for democracy (Bhutto, 287). Another pillar that supports democracy in Islamic nations is the eradication of the militant Madrassas, which focus on training Muslims in militant tr aining camps. These deny the children time to acquire the necessary primary education. Madrassas brainwash the children into soldiers. Teaching hatred and violence does not achieve the democracy for which reformists urge Islamic nations to seek. Economic development and education participate in improving the economy of a nation. Examples given where education is denied to children suffer poor economies.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Islam, Democracy and the West Summary specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Gender Equality is another fundamental change that must be adopted to equalize society and offer equal opportunity to women in Muslim nations for a democracy to thrive. This ought to be introduced in schools to ensure it is instilled in children as they grow up to form a stable society. Eventually, such a society will not tolerate gender inequality. Micro credits are widely used in other parts of the world. Bhut to suggests that the establishment of banks was good, but she also believes that microcredit institutions should come up in a thriving democracy in order to assist in the development of better businesses and eradication of poverty. She also believes that women’s rights groups have gone beyond simply seeking equality for women, and established human rights groups that help in fighting for the rights of everyone in society from the vanguard. In this way, they play a big role in establishing a strong civil society. Additionally, she believes that civil societies give democracy strong ties and enhance pluralism. Strong civil societies act as the society’s watchdogs in events such as elections. They merge with NGOs and assist each other in rectifying the ills in society. Bhutto attributes excellence to trusting the Almighty God. Zakat is a term used in Islam meaning charity. She asserts that everything is gifted to us by God, and that nothing on earth is truly ours. It is, therefore, important that Muslim societies learn to be charitable. In her belief, the Muslim world’s decline can not be fully attributed to the negativity and injustices of colonialism. It also cannot be attributed to power distribution to other states and economies around the world. It is partially due to the roles and cultural beliefs of the Islamic society. Muslims must, therefore, take responsibility and remain accountable for the type of progress or regress that happens in their states. One approach they can use is by drafting agendas and taking measures in the eradication of poverty. She asserts that the Muslim states must support each other and share teachings as well as their wealth with all members of society. This is the only way they can clear differences between themselves in society to create a worldwide united front. This way, they can achieve wealth and financial assistance from each other to secure a good future for their unborn children.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion Reconciliation involves facing out the internal differences before facing the outward pressures that split the Western cultures and the Muslim nations. Bhutto asserts heavily that the internal problems are buried within the ignorance and rigidity of the Islamic religion. For the Islamic nations to achieve development, they must embrace change, charity, development, micro credit systems, and acquire responsibility. These among other minor steps will carry them out of the modern extremities associated with Islam. I believe that the eradication of militant training camps would be the first and most crucial steps because that is where we need to start. Giving the children hope and education will eventually set a basis for the introduction of the other points of change required to reform Islam. Works Cited Bhutto, Benazir. Reconciliation – Islam, Democracy the West. New York: Simon Schuster UK Ltd, 2008. Print. This essay on Islam, Democracy and the West Summary was written and submitted by user Dream1ngCelest1al to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on The Great Depression

Before going into the subject of The Great Depression I would like to talk bit about money, the term money basically has two different types of meaning. We often speak of someone â€Å"making money,† when we really mean that he or she is receiving an income. Money is a term referring to a flow of income or receipts per week. Often times we also speak of someone having money in either his or her pocket, safe-deposit box or on a savings account. Under these conditions, money refers to an asset, as well as an item on a profit and loss statement. (Money Mischief, pg 8) The late 1920’s were a decade of economic boom. New houses and apartments were created, and the nation’s capital expanded. At the beginning of 1929, the unemployment rate was at a low 3.2 percent. But as that eventful year unfolded, increasing signs of economic weakness began to appear. Unemployment went up to 25 percent and the Real Gross Development Product (GDP) declined at 29 percent. (Macroeconomics, pg 376) Prior to the stock market crash, the nation was relishing in a state of jubilation. Confidence levels were elevated and the stock market was up. Everybody seemed to be making a fortune by speculating in the stock market. Between August and September 1929, almost 1.1 billion transactions were made (NEEDS CITATION). But in actuality, most people in the country did not have the extra money to invest in the market. Those few that did invest increased their buying power by borrowing money (The Great Depression pg 31). However, as banks and businesses reacted to cut costs or declared bankruptcy, unemployment rose at an alarming rate. Relief organizations were quickly overwhelmed and unemployment offices were swamped with applicants. Meridel Le Sueur was a young writer who wrote an article about what it was like for women seeking work in an employment office. She describes the frustration and humiliation of proud people waiting all day for jobs t... Free Essays on The Great Depression Free Essays on The Great Depression The soaring stock market became a symbol of prosperity, seeming to signify the capacity of the American economy for production of wealth. Though limited by today’s standards, the number of Americans drawn into the stock market grew quickly and was far greater by the late 1920’s than ever before. Because of this, when the crash came, it had a stunning impact on the confidence of consumers and investors. This worsened the economic downturn, which became more visible in the months after the collapse of the market. Contemporaries in fact tended to blame the depression mainly on the market crash, but here they exaggerated. (Himmelberg, 7) The stock market crash signaled the end to an era. It emptied out the savings and confidence of many Americans, but it alone did not explain the failure of the American economy. The economy actually peaked during the second quarter of 1929, well before the crash, and the reasons why the economy turned down so disastrously for many y ears in a row once the decline began go well beyond the markets influence. (Himmelberg, 7) The downturn of 1929 becoming a severe depression, let alone the beginning of a decade-long period of economic decline and stagnation, was not immediately apparent or even imagined by the direst Cassandras of 1929. (Himmelberg, 8) The most recent depression, after World War I, had been deep but short lived. The thinking from 1929 through much of 1930 was that this depression too would be brief, and to be grateful that the downward trend of the economy was so much more moderate than it had been during the previous episode of depression. (Himmelberg, 8) There also had developed a deeply engrained belief, especially in business circles, that the modern economy, with its immense production and consumption of so great a variety and volume of consumer goods, had become virtually depression-proof. (Himmelberg, 8) Unemployment rose steadily throughout 1930; consumer spending and p... Free Essays on The Great Depression The great depression, the most disastrouseconomic event in United States History, occurred in 1929 after a decade oflavish and carefree living in America. Its remedy became a series of federalprograms instituted by Franklin Delano Roosevelt called the New Deal. Though most Americans are aware of the Great Depression of 1929, which may well be "the most serious problem facing our free enterprise economic system", few know of the many Americans who lost their homes, life savings and jobs. This paper briefly states the causes of the depression and summarizes the vast problems Americans faced during the eleven years of its span. This paper primarily focuses on what life was like for farmers during the time of the Depression, as portrayed in John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath, and tells what the government did to end the Depression. In the 1920's, after World War 1, danger signals were apparent that a great Depression was coming. A major cause of the Depression was that the pay of workers did not increase at all. Because of this, they couldn't afford manufactured goods. While the factories were still manufacturing goods, Americans weren't able to afford them and the factories made no money. Another major cause related to farmers. Farmers weren't doing to well because they were producing more crops and farm products than could be sold at high prices. Therefore, they made a very small profit. This insufficient profit wouldn't allow the farmers to purchase new machinery and because of this they couldn't produce goods quick enough. A new plan was created called the installment plan. This plan was established because many Americans didn't have enough money to buy goods and services that were needed or wanted. The installment plan stated that people could buy products on credit and make monthly payments. The one major problem with this idea was that people soon found out that they couldn't afford to make the ... Free Essays on The Great Depression Before going into the subject of The Great Depression I would like to talk bit about money, the term money basically has two different types of meaning. We often speak of someone â€Å"making money,† when we really mean that he or she is receiving an income. Money is a term referring to a flow of income or receipts per week. Often times we also speak of someone having money in either his or her pocket, safe-deposit box or on a savings account. Under these conditions, money refers to an asset, as well as an item on a profit and loss statement. (Money Mischief, pg 8) The late 1920’s were a decade of economic boom. New houses and apartments were created, and the nation’s capital expanded. At the beginning of 1929, the unemployment rate was at a low 3.2 percent. But as that eventful year unfolded, increasing signs of economic weakness began to appear. Unemployment went up to 25 percent and the Real Gross Development Product (GDP) declined at 29 percent. (Macroeconomics, pg 376) Prior to the stock market crash, the nation was relishing in a state of jubilation. Confidence levels were elevated and the stock market was up. Everybody seemed to be making a fortune by speculating in the stock market. Between August and September 1929, almost 1.1 billion transactions were made (NEEDS CITATION). But in actuality, most people in the country did not have the extra money to invest in the market. Those few that did invest increased their buying power by borrowing money (The Great Depression pg 31). However, as banks and businesses reacted to cut costs or declared bankruptcy, unemployment rose at an alarming rate. Relief organizations were quickly overwhelmed and unemployment offices were swamped with applicants. Meridel Le Sueur was a young writer who wrote an article about what it was like for women seeking work in an employment office. She describes the frustration and humiliation of proud people waiting all day for jobs t... Free Essays on The Great Depression The Great Depression Though most Americans are aware of the Great Depression of 1929, which may well be "the most serious problem facing our free enterprise economic system", few know of the many Americans who lost their homes, life savings and jobs. This paper briefly states the causes of the depression and summarizes the vast problems Americans faced during the eleven years of its span. This paper primarily focuses on what life was like for farmers during the time of the Depression, as portrayed in John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath, and tells what the government did to end the Depression. In the 1920's, after World War 1, danger signals were apparent that a great Depression was coming. A major cause of the Depression was that the pay of workers did not increase at all. Because of this, they couldn't afford manufactured goods. While the factories were still manufacturing goods, Americans weren't able to afford them and the factories made no money (Drewry and O'connor 559). Another major cause related to farmers. Farmers weren't doing to well because they were producing more crops and farm products than could be sold at high prices. Therefore, they made a very small profit. This insufficient profit wouldn't allow the farmers to purchase new machinery and because of this they couldn't produce goods quick enough (Drewry and O'connor 559). A new plan was created called the installment plan. This plan was established because many Americans didn't have enough money to buy goods and services that were needed or wanted. The installment plan stated that people could buy products on credit and make monthly payments. The one major problem with this idea was that people soon found out that they couldn't afford to make the monthly payment(Drewry and O'connor 559). In 1929 the stock market crashed. Many Americans purchased stocks b... Free Essays on The Great Depression The economic depression that be-fell the United States and other countries in the 1930s was unique in its strength and its consequences. At the depth of the depression, in 1933, one American worker in every four was out of a job. In other countries unemployment ranged between 15 percent and 25 percent of the labor force. The great industrial slump continued throughout the 1930s, shaking the foundations of Western capitalism and the society based upon it. Aspects of the economy President Calvin Coolidge had mentioned during the long prosperity of the 1920s. He said "The business of America is business." Despite the seeming business prosperity of the 1920s, however, there were serious economic weak spots, a major one being a depression in the agricultural sector. Others facing depression and problems were such industries as coal mining, railroads, and textiles. Throughout the 1920s, U. S. banks had failedan average of 600 per yearas had thousands of other business firms. By 1928 the construction boom was over. The spectacular rise in prices on the Stock Market from 1924 to 1929 shared little relation to actual economic conditions. In fact, the boom in the stock market and in real estate, along with the expansion in credit (created, in part, by low-paid workers buying on credit) and high profits for a few industries, concealed basic problems. Thus the U. S. stock market crash that occurred in October 1929, with huge losses, was not the actual cause of the Great Depression, although the crash began the most traumatic economic period of modern times. By 1930, the depression was most apparent, but few people expected it to continue. Previous financial panics and depressions had reversed in a year or two and thus most people thought that this was just part of the ups and downs of the business cycle. The usual forces of economic expansion had van ished, however. Technology had eliminated more industrial jobs than it had created; the ... Free Essays on The Great Depression The United States struggled through the depression but got through it by many different ways. I was the press secretary in 1932. At the start of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s presidency the U.S. was in the greatest depths of the depression. In his first Inaugural Address in 1933 he stated that â€Å"the only thing we have to fear is fear itself. †1 FDR’s main goal was trying to restore confidence to the people. He was also letting them know that as a Nation we can get out of the depression, and the only thing that is keeping us in it is ourselves. During the depression Roosevelt tried one thing after another such as, heavy spending, public works, direct relief, NRA codes, regulation of industry and restrictions on spending. FDR also stated that, â€Å"Our greatest primary task is to put people to work. †2 FDR thought that the government needed to be in charge by building and creating new jobs. As soon as people went back to work they would have an income and could afford to start buying things and paying for things which in the end would give the economy a boost. FDR started lots of work programs and helped stabilize the economy. In addition, â€Å"†¦there must be a strict supervision of all banking and credits and investments†¦.† 3 FDR closed all banks two days after he was inaugurated. This day is known as a Bank Holiday. They inspected all banks to see if they could re-open. They re-organized the banks and put 1 billion dollars back into the banks after they re-opened. He also passed a act known as the Emergency Banking Act. The purpose was to protect the larger banks from the smaller banks. It also enlarged federal authority over private banks and government loans to private banks. â€Å"We must act and act quickly. †4 In FDR’s first one hundred days he pushed for many acts through congress that were designed to beat the depression in lots of different aspects. His programs focused primarily on reviving both the agri...

Good-paying Jobs

Good-paying Jobs Good-paying Jobs Good-paying Jobs By Maeve Maddox A reader questions the expression â€Å"good-paying jobs†: I’ve just come across ‘good-paying jobs’ in a report I’m editing by a highly regarded organization. (It has also been used by some politicians lately.) I was wondering if you could address the use of this phrase instead of what I would expect – â€Å"well-paying jobs.† I believe it’s not correct. The OED tells us that good is â€Å"the most general and most frequently used adjective of commendation in English, and one of the most common non-possessive adjectives in all periods from Old English to the present day.† Consider only a few of the uses of good: good food (wholesome) good books (well-written with worthwhile content0 good money (not counterfeit) good soil (fertile) good English (grammatically correct, well enunciated, and pronounced according to current national conventions) A good question is thought-provoking, a good friend is loyal and dependable. Captain Ahab hopes for a good wind and Yenta looks for a good match for a client. Someone, if not Chief Crazy Horse, may have said â€Å"It’s a good day to die,† and some scriptwriter came up with an episode of Desperate Housewives called â€Å"What’s the Good of Being Good?† The OED entry for good identifies the word as adjective, noun, adverb, and interjection. The good page of the online edition I use scrolls seemingly into infinity. My Compact Edition of the OED shows fifteen columns for plain good and another fifteen columns for words that have good as the root. We speak of good-tasting food (food that tastes good), good-looking people (people who look good), and good-meaning do-gooders (people who mean well). Note: American speakers are more likely to say â€Å"a well-meaning person,† but the OED includes â€Å"good-meaning.† Why shouldn’t we speak of â€Å"good-paying jobs† to mean â€Å"jobs that pay well†? The OED includes good-paying in its list of hyphenated â€Å"good words† for special uses, although the earliest citation (1834) doesn’t use the hyphen: Sandy, this has surely been a good paying job; for, when you were in the Calton, your little ones could not come out for dirt and rags. A Google search indicates that the two phrases are in about equal use. The Ngram Viewer shows both forms, with â€Å"good paying† higher on the graph than â€Å"well paying.† â€Å"This job pays good† is undeniably nonstandard usage. On the other hand, the following usage in an obituary written by Steven Greenhouse and published in The New York Times does not ignite my grammar nerve: From 2000 to 2002, Mr. Herman headed the A.F.L.-C.I.O.’s Working for America Institute, which promoted labor-management partnerships to create profitable businesses and good-paying jobs. I think that speakers who prefer â€Å"well-paying jobs† to â€Å"good-paying jobs† should use it, but unless house style demands one or the other, a writer’s choice should probably stand. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Avoid Beginning a Sentence with â€Å"With†15 Words for Household Rooms, and Their SynonymsTestimony vs. Testimonial

A critical review of methods of water quality assessment Essay

A critical review of methods of water quality assessment - Essay Example As per the report of Chapman, it is easier to note that biological methods allow careful screening of any effect which may be arising because of any reservoir or water body (Hartje 2002). It should also be noted that the biological methods are applied in order to help measure the intensity of the change in the ecological cycle. However, there are many indicators which would give a clear idea as to what extent is being noted in terms of ecological change (Yamaguchi andWesselink 2000). These indicators can be dead fish or the changing colors of the water etc. At one hand these indicators might help in analyzing the changes which are undergoing in the ecological cycle while on the other hand there are some of the aquatic changes which will take place and cannot be identified without the usage of aquatic biota. One of the biological assessments which is being commonly used in order to undergo water quality assessment is the past time assessment of the environment (Dinar and Albiac 2009). This is in the context of the fact that aquatic organisms leave their traces to affect the ecological cycle which can be noted when the changes is already on its final stage. In simpler words, it is complicated for the biologists to evaluate the change in its initial stages (Roy, Oborne and David 2009). It is because of this reason that assessment is undertaken by considering past time and the present time of the environment. Another method which is being employed world wide is acute toxicity testing which is applied in cases where water is greatly affected by pollution (EnecoTech 2004). Chemical method for assessment of water quality is noted as a very expensive form of quality measuring tool. Chemical method does not show a longer duration result as in the biological method in which organisms give a longer period results. In this way assessment can be done without loosing any sample (Northern Territory Government